|
|
|
|
|
义大利磁砖产业环境简介
分享:
2007年义大利陶磁产业显见有两种相对的趋势,一边是义大利厂商报告生产与总销售的下跌,另一边其国外厂看到生产与营业额的增长。如此一来证明义大利工商企业的活力与变色龙般的能力足以跟上市场的波浪、站在其竞争对手之前。2007年义大利陶瓷产业整体而言(义大利+国外)磁砖生产675.5百万平方米,分为226家公司在十个国家332个工厂(718条窑)营运,以平均售价每平方米9.99欧元、带来6,701百万欧元的总营业额。就地理位置而言,82.7%的产量在义大利制造、其余13.3%在欧洲与美国。总部生产厂业已受到市场困境的冲击,这的确是20年首见义大利陶瓷产业遇到需求同步下滑;依变动的程度,来自四个主要关键的市场-义大利、法国、美国与德国。
营业额:义大利陶瓷产业的营业额相较之下仍是健康的,2007年底总营业额达到5,784.7百万欧元(较2006年上升0.75%);出口占4,183.6百万欧元(由总数72.3%上升0.61%),而义大利市场达到1,601.1百万欧元(由总数27.7%上升1.1%)。如此结果背后的驱动力为平均售价不断的提升,2007年进而4.2%提升至每平方米10.6欧元(在义大利为2.8%提升至每平方米9.55欧元,在国外为4.95%提升至每平方米11.03欧元)。平均售价提升部份是因改善产品结合、包括更多产品表面处理与技术玻化砖较高的销售;部份是因成本增加-尤其是能源与商业成本,部份亦可归因于美元对欧元贬值。投资相对的看到成长,等于总营业额的5.2%、代表18.14% 的提升。欧洲共同市场仍是义制产品的最大市场,约占总营业额的56%。
产业集中:九个义大利陶瓷集团在国外有生产基地,各别位于欧洲与美国,合计20家公司营运32家工厂的77条窑炉。尽管事实上已超过200家公司,2007年义大利的磁砖产业历经高度的产业集中,无可阻挡地改变国家产业结构的面貌。超过72%的全国营业额是由前十大产业集团所产生,其中之六个是有生产与配销基地的跨国集团。 |
依据预测,国际经济困境将持续至2008年,义大利陶瓷产业将是另一个困难年。相关的起因仍很多,然而这其中最大的仍市能源成本持续上升,对此义大利公司将尽其所能用足以改善能源效率与环境观怀的生产技术来装备自己。原料价格与利率的上扬,对信贷极大依赖的公司亦是坏消息。进而焦虑的根源为美国持续危机与预期某些其他市场的衰退、例如英国与义大利。然而,正面的讯号是预期东欧、远东与中东市场对品质与义大利设计的加价付出逐渐增加意愿。然而尽管如此展望,义大利公司在所有主要市场依然一步领先其国外竞争者,并以增加生产国际化与专利的运用或第三方运作的物流中心在不同的国家进其阵地的巩固。
|
Italian industry of ceramic tiles
|
|
Italy
|
Abroad
|
Total
|
Companies
|
206
|
20
|
226
|
Facatories
|
300
|
32
|
332
|
Kilns
|
641
|
77
|
718
|
Employees
|
27,210
|
6,726
|
33,936
|
Production(million sq.m)
|
559.10
|
116.44
|
675.54
|
% total production
|
82.76%
|
17.24%
|
100%
|
Sales(million sq.m)
|
167.74
|
502.76*
|
670.49
|
% total sales(million sq.m)
|
25.02%
|
74.98%*
|
100%
|
Turnover(million€)
|
1,601
|
5,100*
|
6,701
|
% total turnover
|
23.89%
|
76.11%*
|
100%
|
*Data obtained as the sum of activities of Italy-based companies and facilites Abroad.
|
|
ITALY:THE TOP EXPORT MARKETS (mill. sq.m)
|
|
2006
|
2007
|
FRANCE
|
59.9
|
58.9
|
UK
|
65.3
|
55.2
|
GERMANY
|
51.5
|
44.9
|
GREECE
|
18.7
|
19.5
|
BELGIUM+LUX
|
10.8
|
10.9
|
UK
|
10.4
|
10.5
|
AUSTRIA
|
10.1
|
10.1
|
CANADA
|
9.9
|
9.9
|
NETHERLANDS
|
7.7
|
7.5
|
SWITZERLAND
|
8.8
|
8.2
|
HUNGARY
|
6.6
|
6.9
|
CROATIA
|
6.7
|
6.7
|
SWEDEN
|
5.7
|
6.2
|
RUSSIA
|
5.6
|
6.0
|
SPAIN
|
5.4
|
6.0
|
SAUDI ARABIA
|
6.4
|
6.0
|
ROMANIA
|
4.5
|
5.2
|
DENMARK
|
5.3
|
4.9
|
POLAND
|
4.2
|
4.5
|
SLOVENIA
|
3.5
|
4.1
|
FINLAND
|
3.9
|
3.7
|
CZECH REP.
|
3.0
|
3.3
|
AUSTRALIA
|
3.9
|
3.3
|
ISRAEL
|
3.4
|
3.0
|
NORWAY
|
2.7
|
2.8
|
|
Breakdown of total Italian production by main product types ( x 1000 sq.m)
|
Product
|
2000
|
2001
|
2002
|
2003
|
2004
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
White body
single fired tile
|
177,939
|
152,569
|
113,508
|
99,087
|
82,851
|
64,837
|
57,623
|
47,662
|
Red body
single fired tile
|
83,942
|
83,776
|
74,480
|
70,135
|
67,476
|
63,898
|
58,950
|
53,774
|
Total
single fired tile
|
261,882
|
236,346
|
187,989
|
169,223
|
150,327
|
128,736
|
116,574
|
101,437
|
Double fired tile
for glazing
|
34,777
|
32,970
|
29,208
|
24,873
|
23,618
|
19,540
|
18,150
|
17,561
|
Complete cycle double fired tile
|
38,099
|
33,797
|
31,478
|
32,144
|
28,135
|
30,320
|
29,272
|
29,272
|
Total
double fired tile
|
72,877
|
66,768
|
60,686
|
57,018
|
51,753
|
49,860
|
47,423
|
46,833
|
Unglazed
porcelain tile
|
143,337
|
147,575
|
140,395
|
128,726
|
122,539
|
124,305
|
127,642
|
135,352
|
Glazed
porcelain tile
|
125,199
|
161,093
|
188,808
|
220,338
|
237,988
|
244,630
|
255,451
|
255,403
|
Total
porcelain tile
|
268,536
|
308,669
|
329,204
|
349,064
|
360,527
|
368,935
|
383,094
|
390,755
|
Other
|
30,744,105
|
31,531
|
28,730
|
27,485
|
26,597
|
22,473
|
21,485
|
20,077
|
Total production
|
631,838
|
638,427
|
605,476
|
603,428
|
589,206
|
570,006
|
568,578
|
559,103
|
|
ITALIAN EXPORTS BY GEOGRAPHIC AREA IN 2007(% values)
|
Area
|
Europe
|
America
|
Asia
|
Africa
|
Oceania
|
Total
|
value
|
70.9%
|
18.4%
|
7.5%
|
1.6%
|
1.6%
|
4,184 mill.Euros
|
Sq.m.
|
70.4%
|
18.1%
|
7.3%
|
2.8%
|
1.4%
|
379.4 mill.sq.m
|
|
Costs and prices of the Italian ceramic tile industry (var. %)
|
|
2005
|
2006
|
2007
|
2008
|
2009
|
Average energy cost
|
18.9
|
25.4
|
2.6
|
6.3
|
0.7
|
Electrical energy
|
5.6
|
17.0
|
6.6
|
1.2
|
0.1
|
Gas oil
|
15.7
|
16.2
|
1.2
|
1.1
|
0.3
|
Natural gas
|
29.7
|
33.7
|
1.0
|
10.7
|
1.1
|
Raw materials and semi-finished products
|
3.0
|
3.1
|
4.7
|
2.2
|
1.0
|
Clays
|
3.5
|
1.3
|
3.3
|
3.9
|
1.1
|
Glazes
|
2.5
|
3.0
|
6.0
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
Packaging
|
3.1
|
2.2
|
7.2
|
1.6
|
0.7
|
Transport
|
3.0
|
4.2
|
2.2
|
2.3
|
2.0
|
Service
|
2.6
|
2.9
|
1.8
|
1.4
|
1.2
|
Hourly labour costs
|
3.6
|
1.1
|
3.7
|
1.5
|
3.5
|
Average variation in prices of inputs
|
5.4
|
6.5
|
3.1
|
2.4
|
1.6
|
Total productivity
|
1.0
|
0.8
|
0.6
|
0.5
|
0.3
|
Operating costs per unit proudct
|
4.4
|
5.7
|
2.5
|
2.0
|
1.3
|
Mark-up
|
-1.1
|
0.4
|
0.1
|
0.1
|
0.3
|
Price at production
|
3.2
|
6.1
|
2.6
|
2.1
|
1.7
|
Price per square metere
|
4.7
|
5.7
|
4.0
|
3.4
|
3.0
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|